带袢钢板治疗陈旧性肩锁关节脱位

2009年12月～2012年5月,我们对陈旧性肩锁关节脱位患者应用带袢钢板人工韧带重建治疗,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组13例,男9例,女4例,年龄21～65岁。左侧6例,右侧7例,均为闭合损伤。陈旧性损伤原因:漏诊2例,保守治疗无效3例,内固定失败3例,延误治疗5例。患者受伤至本次手术时间1～13个月。     

The Cumberland ankle instability tool: a report of validity and reliability testing

OBJECTIVE: To test the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), a 9-item 30-point scale, for measuring severity of functional ankle instability. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 236 subjects. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concurrent validity by comparison with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) and a visual analog scale (VAS) of global perception of ankle instability by using the Spearman rho. Construct validity and internal reliability with Rasch analysis using goodness-of-fit statistics for items and subjects, separation of subjects, correlation of items to the total scale, and a Cronbach alpha equivalent. Discrimination score for functional ankle instability by maximizing the Youden index and tested for sensitivity and specificity. Test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient, model 2,1 (ICC(2,1)). RESULTS: There were significant correlations between the CAIT and LEFS (rho=.50, P<.01) and VAS (rho=.76, P<.01). Construct validity and internal reliability were acceptable (alpha=.83; point measure correlation for all items, >0.5; item reliability index, .99). The threshold CAIT score was 27.5 (Youden index, 68.1); sensitivity was 82.9% and specificity was 74.7%. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC(2,1)=.96). CONCLUSIONS: CAIT is a simple, valid, and reliable tool to measure severity of functional ankle instability.     

负重位负重位数字化摄影对膝前内侧骨关节炎的影像诊断价值

[目的]探讨负重位数字化摄影技术(DR)对内侧骨关节炎的影像诊断价值.[方法]回顾性分析本院骨病科行单髁关节置换术的80例患者共计94膝的术前负重位DR片资料,以术中诊断对胫骨平台软骨的磨损程度为参考分为两组,轻度组的胫骨平台软骨磨损范围局限于内侧前1/2;重度组的胫骨平台软骨磨损范围超出内侧前1/2.通过负重位DR片测量内侧关节间隙及关节面夹角数据,分析其与术中诊断的关系.[结果]重度组关节间隙比值明显低于轻度组,关节面夹角明显高于轻度组,其差异具均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);关节间隙比值与胫骨平台软骨磨损程度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),关节面夹角与胫骨平台软骨磨损程度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).[结论]负重位DR对术前膝前内侧骨关节炎诊断准确性良好,对手术治疗具有一定指导意义.     

Prevalence of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in the United States According to the 2017 High Blood Pressure Guideline

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTR-hypertension) in US adults with treated hypertension by using the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Patients and MethodsNonpregnant US adults older than 20 years with a self-reported history of treated hypertension who had blood pressure measured in NHANES cycles 2007 to 2014 were included in this study. Study participants were stratified into 4 groups according to average blood pressure and antihypertensive medication use: well-controlled hypertension, undertreated hypertension, aTR-hypertension by the 2017 guideline, and aTR-hypertension by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) guideline. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample weights were used to estimate the national prevalence.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2014, 5512 participants with treated hypertension representing 46.7 million people nationally were included. Compared with JNC 7 guideline criteria, application of the 2017 high blood pressure guideline criteria increased the prevalence of aTR-hypertension in US adults with treated hypertension from 12.0% to 15.95%, identifying an additional 1.85 million individuals with aTR-hypertension nationally. Individuals newly reclassified as having aTR-hypertension were younger. However, the prevalence of thiazide diuretic use remained less than 70%, and that of mineralocorticoid antagonist use remained less than 10% regardless of the guideline definition.ConclusionOn the basis of the 2017 high blood pressure guideline, the prevalence of aTR-hypertension is 15.95% in US adults with treated hypertension. This represents an absolute increase of 4% (1.85 million additional individuals nationally) compared with the JNC 7 guideline definition, with a consistent increase across all subpopulations with treated hypertension.     

Hamstring length in patellofemoral pain syndrome

Objectives

To investigate whether there was a difference in hamstring length between patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy asymptomatic controls aged 18 to 35 years.

Design

A cross-sectional observational study measuring hamstring length in patients and asymptomatic controls.

Setting

Hospital physiotherapy department.

Participants

Two groups were tested; one group diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (mean age 27 years, n = 11, six males, five females) and one group of asymptomatic controls (mean age 25 years, n = 25, 13 males, 12 females).

Main outcome measures

Hamstring length was evaluated using the passive knee extension method to measure popliteal angle.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) values for hamstring length were 145.6 (8.7)° for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and 153.7 (10.1)° for the asymptomatic controls. The mean (95% confidence interval) difference between the groups was 8.0 (0.8 to 15.1)°, and analysis with a t-test revealed that this was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study found that patients with patellofemoral pain had shorter hamstring muscles than asymptomatic controls. It is not clear whether this is a cause or effect of the condition. Further research is suggested to study how hamstring length changes with rehabilitation, and the relationship with pain.     

功能锻炼对类风湿关节炎患者关节功能恢复的作用评价

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者关节功能锻炼对受累关节功能恢复的影响。方法 将40例RA患者随机分为实验组和对照组。在药物治疗的基础上，实验组采用受累关节进行功能恢复锻炼。对照组只给予药物常规治疗。2W后对其日常生活能力（ADL）、关节活动范围（ROM）、肌力进行评估。结果 实验组评分受累关节功能改善优于对照组。结论 受累关节功能锻炼对RA患者关节功能恢复有显著促进作用。     

Intrarater reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer in determining anterior translation of the glenohumeral joint

OBJECTIVES: To establish intrarater reliability of the KT1000 arthrometer in determining glenohumeral anterior translation and to determine if a difference existed between measurements of glenohumeral anterior translation in 2 testing positions. DESIGN: Intrarater reliability study. SETTING: Academic laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 15 unimpaired volunteers (mean age +/- standard deviation, 25+/-4 y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were positioned supine with the shoulder in 20 degrees of abduction and 0 degrees of external rotation (position 1) and 90 degrees of abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation (position 2). The KT1000 was placed on the shoulder with the tibia sensor pad near the joint line and the patella sensor pad over the coracoid process. Testing involved an anteriorly directed force of 67N. Testing procedures were repeated after 1 week. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrarater reliability for position 1 (ICC=.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], .81-.98) and for position 2 (ICC=.93; 95% CI, .80-.97) were excellent. The degree of anterior translation measured in position 1 was significantly greater than in position 2 ( t =4.79, P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Use of the KT1000 to measure glenohumeral anterior translation in the 2 testing positions appears to be a relatively simple, reliable method. Because testing position 1 allowed significantly greater anterior translation than testing position 2, the 2 positions should not be used interchangeably.     

Differential gene expression identifies subgroups of renal cell carcinoma

Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney, the most common subtype of renal cell cancer, displays different biological behavior in different patients. This heterogeneity cannot be recognized by light microscopy. In this study, gene expression in 16 clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples and 17 non-malignant tissue types comprising 539 samples was determined using oligonucleotide microarrays representing approximately 40,000 known genes and ESTs. Differences in gene expression were quantified as the fold change in gene expression between the various sets of samples. A set of genes was identified that was overexpressed in the renal cell carcinoma samples compared with the normal kidney samples. Principle component analysis of the set of renal cell carcinomas using this set of genes overexpressed in renal cell cancer revealed the existence of 2 major subgroups among the renal carcinomas. A series of principle component analyses of the set of renal cell carcinomas using different gene sets composed of genes involved in different metabolic pathways also revealed the same 2 major subgroups of the renal cell cancers. Eisen clustering using the same genes also revealed the same 2 major renal cell cancer subsets. Review of the pathology suggested that these 2 subgroups differed in pathologic grade. Genes differentially expressed between the 2 renal cell cancer subsets were identified. Examination of gene expression in each renal cell cancer subset and the pool of renal cell carcinoma samples compared with that in 17 different normal tissues revealed genes specifically overexpressed in renal cell cancer compared with these normal tissues. The authors conclude that gene expression patterns may be useful in helping to further classify subtypes of renal cell carcinoma that may have clinical significance. In addition, the genes identified as overexpressed in each set of clear cell renal cell carcinomas compared with normal tissues may represent useful targets for therapy.     

胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白在早期肾损害中的应用

目的：探讨胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白联合检测在高血压早期肾损害诊断中的临床应用价值。方法：以我院2012年12月～2014年12月收治的经病理确诊为高血压早期肾损害的患者83例作为研究对象,并以同期的健康体检者78例作为空白对照,采用免疫比浊法检测两组受检者的胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白水平,比较单独检测和联合检测对诊断灵敏度和特异度的影响。结果：高血压早期肾损害患者的血清胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白均明显高于正常对照组;此外,血清胱抑素C联合尿微量白蛋白检测的诊断灵敏度高达97.59%（81/83）,显著高于单独检测的80.72%（67/83）、87.95%（73/83）;而诊断特异度高达98.72%（71/78）,也显著高于单独检测的83.33%（65/78）、89.74%（70/78）;组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：胱抑素C和尿微量白蛋白对高血压早期肾损害均具有一定的诊断价值,但两者联合检测的灵敏度和特异度均较单独检测高,具有更高的应用价值,值得临床推广。     

Risk analysis of main mycotoxins occurring in food for children: An overview

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi contaminating the food chain that are toxic to animals and humans. Children up to 12 years old are recognized as a potentially vulnerable subgroup with respect to consumption of these contaminants. Apart from having a higher exposure per kg body weight, they have a different physiology from that of adults. Therefore they may be more sensitive to neurotoxic, endocrine and immunological effects. For these reasons, a specific and up-to-date risk analysis for this category is of great interest.In this review, an accurate analysis of the main mycotoxins occurring in food intended for children (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, patulin and fumonisins) is presented. In particular, known mechanisms of toxicity and levels of exposure and bioaccessibility in children are shown. In addition, recent discoveries about the strategies of mycotoxins managing are discussed.